Topic Research Methods

When most people hear the word “bias,” they think of personal prejudice or unfair favoritism. But in statistics and research methodology, bias means something much more specific: it is a systematic error in how data is collected, analyzed, or interpreted…

Everyone knows the golden rule of statistics: Correlation does not equal causation. Just because two things move together doesn’t mean one causes the other. Ice cream sales and shark attacks both spike in July, but eating a cone of vanilla…